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显然,选美活动仍然是一件事。用我最喜欢的体育作家弗兰克·德福德(Frank DeFord)的话来说,“被美国一部分人所崇拜,被另一个人所崇拜,被所有人误解了,美国小姐仍然像密西西比州一样流动,漂移着琥珀色的谷物浪,听起来像棒球上蝙蝠的裂缝,味道像妈妈的苹果派,闻起来像美元钞票。” 历史悠久的美国小姐选美活动定期改造自己,以保持对参赛者和消费者的可接受性和相关性。根据宗教学者曼迪·麦克迈克尔的说法,虽然参赛者可能会将选美视为形成自己身份的一种方式,但实际的美国小姐选美大赛都是关于性的。但是,美国文化中的其他一切也是如此,包括体育、啤酒、音乐、电影、电视和政治,因为性活动渗透到美国生活的各个领域。“作为核心,美国人希望成为理想和可取的。事实上,在美国文化中很难找到任何不关于性或使用性行为的东西。然而,性的谎言是永远不够。当它只是为了公共领域的消费而游行时,它是空虚而浅的,毫无意义的。”麦克迈克尔接着解释说,美国小姐需要看起来纯洁和处女,即使是一种恶魔。“美国小姐被要求在 '受尊敬的' 女性可接受和不可接受的展示形式之间走钢丝绳。”她永远不会裸体,但必须漂亮。但是,如果美国小姐选美大赛只是关于性,麦迈克尔的原因,那么它会随着年龄的增长而消失。那么,美国小姐选美活动也是关于娱乐。美国小姐用性来娱乐,但也将现场影院、游戏节目、真人秀、戏剧和喜剧的所有关键元素结合起来吸引观众。但是,美国小姐也是关于需要技能、培训和战略的竞争。看起来不错是不够的。参赛者聘请教练、训练、学习了适当的 “形式” 并彼此竞争。然而麦克迈克尔认为,虽然性、娱乐和竞争三位一体是强大的力量,但宗教却是王牌。“宗教利用了美国小姐的所有美国人。它使性成圣化,使娱乐体验化,并证明竞争的合理性。宗教使美国小姐。” 虽然麦克迈克尔提出了令人信服的论点,但我仍在反思当今美国文化中选美活动的力量。最近,塔里罗·姆泽瓦写了一篇文章 “6 月加冕小姐意味着什么”,并评论说,第十九届选美看起来很熟悉,因为有腰带、冠冕、人才、提出的问题以及授予历史上黑人学院或大学的奖学金。但是,Mzezwea 也认为,作为黑人女性、社区和姐妹关系的庆祝活动,6 月份的选美对女性、她们的家庭和社区具有更深的意义。引用 2019 年 6 月份选美冠军肯尼德·华莱士的话说:“这提醒我自豪地为黑人,我对此感到高兴,我很强壮。提醒黑色很漂亮。为了自己与仇恨或没有我们经历的仇恨。提醒我们是自由的。我们来这里有目的。”麦克迈克尔举例说,选美活动展示了参赛者的身份形成,Mzezewa 似乎展示了 6 月份的选美大赛全部关于身份形成,在本例中,还包括美国黑人女性的身份和经历。6 月份的选美大赛揭示了重塑自己以保持美国文化中的相关性的重要意义,但也揭示了性、娱乐和少许宗教的竞争似乎仍然吸引美国的注意力。选美比赛是查看美国文化中女性身份形成的有用方法吗?弗兰克·德福德,在那里:美国小姐的生活和时代,(纽约:维京出版社,1971 年)。曼迪·麦克迈克尔,《美国最古老的选美大赛中的信仰与身份:美国最古老的选美中的信仰与身份》,(德克萨斯州韦科:贝勒大学出版社,2019 年)。

Rebecca Koerselman

Rebecca Koerselman teaches history at Northwestern College in Orange City, IA.

5 Comments

  • Pam Adams says:

    Rebecca, I would answer no to your last question because I would hope women would want to be highly regarded for the good works they do and using their brains for the Lord and for this world.

  • Daniel Meeter says:

    Thanks for this, interesting. And compelling. But I could not track the leap at the end of the third paragraph, to religion. I’m not contesting it—just that I don’t see it.

  • John vanStaalduinen says:

    The Juneteenth pageantry (as described by the 2019 winner) of racism is pretty disgusting.

  • As I was reading this I began to think of the song from Styx “Miss America.” I have never understood why as a culture we have been in love with these pageants, which I have never appreciated. Thank you for the history of this which I never had heard before.

  • Like every other area of life, there are good competitions, and others that are about sex appeal and swimsuits. It’s really about doing your homework and not getting involved unless you find one that has the right priorities. A good pageant is an opportunity for someone to learn their strengths and talents, and use them to become a positive force in the world. To “Lead the Change.” Some do not have swimsuits, or only consider the “perfect size” of woman. It’s really about empowering and challenging yourself to be your best authentic self. I got involved in the world of pageantry after leaving a domestic violence relationship. It had been on my bucket list, and I hoped it would help me build back self confidence, but it did so much more. I moved from survivor to advocate, and because others know my story, I have had victims find me, and helped them to connect with resources that saved their lives, and the lives of their kids. It also became a platform to educate about the realities of domestic violence, and to work to change laws. My legacy will also include supporting other survivors in their healing and success. It is also the single largest source of college scholarships, once again empowering women and equipping them for success.

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