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文化与基督教交叉的程度一直是棘手的。有些人将基督教置于文化之上,在文化中,与文化分开,或塑造文化。但是,衡量互动总是有风险的,特别是在与基督徒交谈时。有一种趋势是坚持认为我们不会被我们的情况所俘虏。然而,从历史上讲,基督徒一直生活在特定的时间和地点。有些人藐视自己的文化,有些人反文化,但大多数人似乎高兴地采用当前的文化,同时也证明文化是他们自己信仰传统的副产品。贝丝·艾里森·巴尔(Beth Allison Barr)在她的著作《圣经女性的形成:女性的征服如何成为福音真理》中说明,父权制 —— 互补主义的真正术语 —— 不是上帝的原始计划,而是罪恶的人类文化的产物。“如果父权制不是神圣命定的,而是人类罪的结果呢?如果父权制不是神圣创造的,而是在秋天之后才滑入创造呢?如果父权制的果实如此腐败的原因,即使在基督教教会内,是因为父权制一直是腐败的制度呢?”巴尔是贝勒大学历史副教授、福音派和终身的南方浸信会,以及信仰与历史会议现任主席,他提出了强有力的理由。巴尔利用自己作为浸礼会、贝勒教授和牧师的配偶的个人历史和经历,认为基督徒 “在维护包括女性在内的所有人的尊严方面有根本不同”。此外,巴尔争辩说,由于秋季,在整个历史上,父权制 “与结构性种族主义和系统性压迫一道行走”。然后巴尔走了她的专长中世纪,并指出了对圣经的准确背景阅读经常性地证明耶稣和保罗庆祝女性角色并呼吁基督徒采取与罗马社会的父亲家庭模式背道而驰的方式行事的方式。庄严了父权制。改革之后,新教妇女失去了更多的精神领袖的地位,因为强调敬虔与妻子和母亲的角色以及在男子的领导下明确联系在一起。“尽管在整个教会历史上,保罗关于女性的写作一直是众所周知的,但直到改革时代才开始系统地利用这些文章来阻止女性脱离领导角色。”根据巴尔的说法,社会改变了现代基督徒早期解释圣经的方式,而不是相反。早期现代英语圣经的译者在整个经文中消除了女性的领导力,从而使现代福音派人员很容易做同样的事情。阅读了杜梅兹的耶稣和约翰·韦恩,并在各种会议上看到巴尔和杜梅兹都在小组讨论会上并积极参与信仰与历史会议以及伊丽莎·格里斯沃尔德在《纽约客》最近发表的文章之后,看来这种关于我们当前文化中父权制的讨论正在成为一种更大的对话。有趣的是,我谈过的福音派女性似乎与杜马兹和巴尔在父权制方面的经历认同。更令人不安的是,许多福音派女性似乎认同父权制不一定造成的虐待,但往往隐藏、保护和阻碍的虐待行为。巴尔以这种方式结束,恰如其分:“如果我们停止忘记过去并记住女性 —— 就像我们一样 —— 在基督教历史景观中宣讲自己的方式怎么办?如果我们记得我们被一群女性证人包围,而且我们永远不会孤立怎么办?”

贝丝·艾里森·巴尔,《圣经女性的形成:女性的征服如何成为福音真理》,”(密歇根州大急流城:Baker Pu

Rebecca Koerselman

Rebecca Koerselman teaches history at Northwestern College in Orange City, IA.

6 Comments

  • Jane Meulink says:

    Thank you for this well-written article.

  • gregory van den berg says:

    Unfortunately, evangelicals seem not to read the bible. If one truly reads the Scriptures, there are many women who are heroes. Incidentally, the scripture starts the line of David with Rahab and then with Ruth. The men specifically in Ruth are depicted as spineless and Godless i.e. the sons of Naomi and Naomi’s husband. As one reads the Bible, there are many women who are the heroes in the book of Judges. In the New Testament, one reads about the faith of Timothy’s mother and let us no forget Lydia in the book of Acts. Christians must reject any infringement of secular culture into one’s faith. We must never forget secular culture is the counter culture running alongside Christianity. Christians seem to forget Christ’s commands of helping the poor, inmates in prison, and children living in poverty. The focus for many Christians is on issues never mentioned in the Bible. If Christian men were modeling their lives as to the Scriptures, this issue would not be discussed. Christian men are believing the lie and accepting the world’s model of masculinity. Isaiah the prophet and the psalmists are agree the Lord exalts the humble and not the macho. Christians cannot follow the world’s model of patriarchy. The model outlined in Scriptures needs to be followed. Just as Christ denied his Godhood, Christian men must reject the John Wayne supposed model of manhood. The irony of all this is John Wayne’s model of manhood is a myth and a lie.

    • Rodney Haveman says:

      Gregory,
      I agree with this article 100%. I’ve been fighting against patriarchy and the growing flow of complementarianism in the RCA, so I offer this with humility. I think evangelicals read the Bible as much if not more than any Christian group. I have a different hermeneutic so I interpret it in much different way. I would surmise that you do too.
      I’m not sure that arguments about who reads the Bible or who reads it correctly will change minds though. Rather I’m convinced that providing a radical and inspiring image of Christ following manhood is the best way forward. I think we could admit that the images we are offering are not inspiring men to follow Christ in a nee and meaningful way, thus the lack of so many men in our churches. I believe there is more work to be done in this regard, but I also believe there is a strong, humble, inspiring vision of manhood available to us and to the world in following Christ.

  • Pam Adams says:

    Rebecca, I too find Kristin Du Mez’ book a wonderful read. I hope many other Christian men and women read it with an open heart. She details events in history with accuracy and with Biblical lenses to critique what happened and how we should go in the future. Blessings on Kristin in her work.

  • Ronald Wells says:

    Rebecca (and all),

    I was among the founding generation of the Conference on Faith and History (CFH), now over fifty years ago. I taught at Calvin College for 35 years and was editor of of the CFH’s journal “Fides et Historia” for thirteen years. Now, as a long-retired colleague, I look with great pleasure and pride at fine postings like your’s, and books like those by Barr and DuMez. We (nearly all men) who started out, a half-century ago, to try to relate our faith to our historical work did not see coming the blossoming of scholarship by feminist colleagues. It is a wonderful development, and one that gives me great hope for the future of Christian scholarship. Please be encouraged to keep up the good work. Blessings and thanks.

  • Emily Jane VandenBos Style says:

    Thank you for writing this piece and for including the link to the New Yorker article. Here’s to the long game of educational matters – that matter … for the grounding of grace in each & all.

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